مجله آموزش عالی ایران
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 49، بهار 1400)

The purpose of this applied research is to investigate the attitudes of faculty members of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz  It has been about the functions of the university. The overall outline of this research is a combination kind of sequential exploratory (Qual. Quan. Qual.). In the qualitative section, the phenomenological method; in the quantitative section, use descriptive statistics such as averages, and in the  final qualitative section, the focus groups method has been utilized. The domain of this research and it's statistical society contains the faculty members of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, in which it is included the initial exploratory interview section with a purposful sampling of 54 members; a quantitative section with random sampling of 225 members; and the final qualitative section (focud groups) with  desirable purposful sampling of nine faculty members. The data-gathering tools in three qual.- quan.- qual. stages are conducted through (1) semi-structured interviews, (2) a researcher-made questionnaire prepared by interviews, and (3) a focus group interview. Then, the face and content validity of the researcher-made questionnaire is confirmed and it's reliability is calculated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaires(α = 0.78) which denotes a desirable reliability of the proposed tool. To analyze data, Strauss and Corbin's coding method was used in the qualitative part and descriptive statistics was used in the quantitative part. The obtained results showed that university functions have 5 academic, research, cultural, entrepreneurship, commercialization, and social fields of performance. The obtained results from the quantitative part of research about the showed that academic performance is considered as the most important one, and the minimum mean shows that entrepreneurship performance has mentioned less in University. In addition, the participants of the focus part confirmed the findings of two previous steps.

The purpose of this research is to study and compare the spatial planning of the country's higher education system with the development plans before and after the Islamic Revolution. For this purpose, the documents of development programs before and after the revolution during the years 1327 to 1396 (eleven development programs) were compared and their content from the perspective of their position and achievement during the organization of higher education in the country. The land preparation approach was examined; The method of this research is meta-combined and of comparative type. A checklist was used to collect data and a categorical analysis based on categorization was used to analyze the data. The main issue of the research was what were the similarities and differences between " spatial higher education " in development programs before and after the revolution? According to the findings of this study, organizing higher education with "emphasis on land management" in development programs before and after the revolution in seven categories: land management studies and planning, development of higher education, manpower balance, higher education management, Assessing the quality of higher education, national and international cooperation and science and technology productions in line with each other, as well as in five categories of them: land management studies and planning, development of higher education, manpower balance, national cooperation And international and science and technology products have been different

The student’s Life-world, as the reference groups of community in the future, must be deeply explored and described in all its complexities, dimensions, elements and details. Therefore, the place of informal interactions of students as part of this Life-world is important in this study. The main purpose of the present study is that describe the students' mental perception of their informal interaction’s place deeply. Descriptive phenomenological method was used to achieve students' subjective meaning. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 students of Tehran University from different collegiate. In descriptive phenomenology, what is recommended as a method of analysis is the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method. Students have a variety of mental meanings, including security, freedom and convenience, dynamics and ease of interaction between girls and boys, the survival of friendships, the loss of time and purpose, increasing of friends and they also point to a break from the formal system and its oversight of friendly gatherings and interactions within the university. Students are looking for other places and third places as places outside of formal systems or political machines. That is, they cross over well-known places to which norms and rules are defined, and choose new places that fit their lives and their needs and communicate with their friends. The presence of students in places seems to have all the features of a third place. None of them play a host role, and they all feel comfortable. Third place helps to develop their social network and build new friendships with students. Entertaining conversation is the most important way to distinguish third place from other places. Student places are accessible, like the other third places, and as students' mental perceptions have shown, availability is one of the most important features of students to create friendly interactions. Students in their friendly gatherings inside or outside the university are looking for fun times, conversations, laughter and entertainment.

The modernization of the higher education system as the center of comprehensive development and its dynamics are a means of dealing with the emerging crises and ensuring that the needs of the society are met. Having this privilege is a benchmark for measuring progress and development in different countries and a powerful tool in distinguishing countries from development to developing ones. Therefore, utilizing a modern, efficient, and effective approach to higher education policy making that utilizes evidence such as qualitative, quantitative, descriptive, empirical and existing evidence from peer-reviewed research highlights the need to use evidence-based policymaking. Therefore, the structured and prioritized hierarchy of the components and variables effective on the evidence based policy making of higher education system in Iran has been obtained through interviewing twenty members of the Higher Education Commission, senior managers, experts, and experts of the Ministry of Science and Research and Technology and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the heads and managers of the universities of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology utilizing snowball sampling.

Innovation is a tool to achieve economic and social goals and is increasingly important as a key driver of development. Despite the success of a large number of researches in term of technical, a limited number of commercialization stages have been successfully completed, This indicates the complexity and the existence of various obstacles to commercialization. In this research, the actors in the field of commercialization and their functions and structural interactions with each other are drawn in the form of an institutional mapping. Considering 7 functions including policy and regulation, technological entrepreneurship, financing and investment, science and technology monitoring, facilitation, research and development, and training and development of science and technology diplomacy and examples of each of these functions, the actors of the commercialization system Science and technology were categorized. The purpose of this research is the pathology of science and technology commercialization system in the country and the authors also analyze pathology and pathology by using institutional mapping and stakeholder analysis, studying gray sources and interviewing experts. Based on the results, structurally and institutionally, there are several challenges and gaps in the commercialization system of science and technology, which are mentioned in detail in this study in proportion to the functions and actors involved.

In recent years, the inclusion of human development in the country's development plans shows the importance of the human development index for policy-making and planning. One of the important factors that can play a great role in improving the human development index is education. In this regard, The present study tries to investigate the effect of educational expenditures in higher, secondary and primary as independent variables on the Human Development Index as a dependent variable in Iran during the period 2001 to 2018.To estimate the effect, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) has been used. Before estimating the model, the significance test of the variables was performed. The results of the static test based on the generalized Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Prone tests showed that the Human Development Index and higher education expenditures remained at the data level, but the variables of secondary and primary education expenditures remained in the first difference of the data. The variables of this study were accumulated from I (0) and I (1), ARDL method was used. Findings show that higher and secondary education expenditures have a positive and significant effect on human development index, but although primary education expenditures have a positive relationship with human development index in the short term, it is not significant and in the long run its effect on human development indexes It is negative. The error correction coefficient is 0.30 and is statistically significant at the 99% confidence level. This indicates that the adjustment of deviations from the long-run equilibrium relationship takes more than three years. Given that higher education expenditures have the greatest impact on the human development index, it is suggested that officials pay more attention to investing in higher education to accelerate economic growth and human development. Also, considering that the expenses of secondary education have a positive and significant effect on the human development index, it is suggested that if the graduates do not continue their education, the officials should provide them with employment by holding the necessary training courses related to their favorite profession. By employing them, national production and income, and as a result, the human development index, will be improved.